The Basics
What Causes Typhoid?
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. Unlike the viruses that cause Hepatitis, this is a bacterial infection. It is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Once ingested, the bacteria multiply and spread into the bloodstream.
Vaccination Overview
Getting Protected: The Typhoid Vaccine
| Feature | Injectable (ViCPS) | Oral (Ty21a) |
| How it is given | A single injection. | 4 capsules taken every other day. |
| Course duration | One dose. | One course (4 pills). |
| When to get it | At least 2 weeks before travel. | Finish last dose 1 week before travel. |
| Booster frequency | Every 2 years. | Every 5 years. |
| Suitable Age | Adults and children 2+ years. | Adults and children 6+ years. |
Safety & Side Effects
Potential Side Effects
Most people tolerate the typhoid vaccine well. Side effects differ slightly depending on which version you receive:
Injectable Vaccine: Fever (1 in 100), headache (1 in 30), or redness/swelling at the site of the injection.
Oral Vaccine: Abdominal pain, nausea, headache, or vomiting. These are generally mild and temporary.
Recognising Symptoms
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
Symptoms usually develop 1 to 2 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. If left untreated, typhoid can become very serious.
Persistent High Fever: A fever that increases gradually each day, reaching as high as 39°–40°C (103°–104°F).
“Rose Spots”: A faint pink rash, usually on the chest or abdomen.
Stomach Issues: Either constipation or “pea soup” diarrhoea, accompanied by abdominal pain.
General Ailments: Severe headache, dry cough, and extreme exhaustion.
Confusion: In advanced cases, patients may feel “delirious” or enter the “typhoid state” (lying motionless with eyes half-closed).
Additional Precautions
"The Rule of Clean"
Vaccination is about 50%–80% effective, so it is vital to follow strict food and water precautions in high-risk areas:
Water: Drink only sealed bottled water or water that has been boiled for at least one minute. Avoid ice cubes.
Food: Eat food that is served steaming hot. Avoid raw vegetables and fruits that you haven’t peeled yourself.
Dairy: Avoid unpasteurised milk or dairy products (like street-side ice cream).Â
FAQ
Does the Typhoid vaccine protect me against food poisoning (Salmonella)?
No. While related, the Typhoid vaccine only protects against Salmonella Typhi. It does not protect against the common Salmonella bacteria found in undercooked chicken or eggs.
Can I take the oral vaccine with antibiotics?
No. Antibiotics can kill the live bacteria in the oral vaccine, making it ineffective. You must wait at least 3 days after finishing antibiotics before starting the oral course.
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. While we strive to provide accurate health information, it is not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or vaccination schedule. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read on this website.